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Billionaires in World Politics. By Peter Hägel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. 368p. $90.00 cloth.
- Susan K. Sell
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- Journal:
- Perspectives on Politics / Volume 19 / Issue 3 / September 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2021, pp. 1042-1043
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- September 2021
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Intellectual Property Rights in China. By Zhenqing Zhang. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019. 312p. $69.95 cloth.
- Susan K. Sell
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- Journal:
- Perspectives on Politics / Volume 18 / Issue 3 / September 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 September 2020, pp. 972-973
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- September 2020
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8 - Trade
- from Part II - Issue Areas
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- By Susan K. Sell, Australian National University
- Edited by Amitav Acharya, American University, Washington DC
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- Why Govern?
- Published online:
- 05 September 2016
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- 22 August 2016, pp 157-173
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Summary
Many analysts of global governance look to the World Trade Organization (WTO) as particularly effective and important because its treaties are enforceable. Legal scholars distinguish the enforceable hard law of the WTO from the less constraining soft law that dominates the international arena. However, in recent years states have failed to make substantial progress in the Doha Round of multilateral negotiations and increasingly are negotiating plurilateral trade deals outside of the WTO. It is unclear how these plurilateral agreements such as the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and US-EU Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership negotiations will mesh with existing multilateral institutions. Trade economist Jagdish Bhagwati bemoans the forum proliferation and regime complexity (or “spaghetti bowl”) governing trade issues. At the December 2015 WTO Ministerial meeting in Nairobi, trade ministers failed to agree to continue negotiating the Doha Round. This deeper multilateral stalemate worries proponents of trade liberalization, who emphasize how trade liberalization has pulled many millions out of poverty and fueled the emerging markets of China, India and Brazil.
Hard feelings remain in the wake of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations over broken promises and costly demands. Two of the touchiest issues are agricultural trade and intellectual property, the latter of which Bhagwati argues has turned the WTO into a royalty collection agency for OECD-based firms. The quid pro quo in the Uruguay Round was that developing countries would accept an Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) in exchange for expanded market access for developing countries’ textile and agricultural exports. The OECD countries have yet to fulfill the agricultural market access end of the bargain. At the disastrous 2003 Cancun trade negotiations then-United States Trade Representative Rob Portman blamed developing countries for the impasse and made a clear distinction between the “can do” and the “won't do” countries. By the same token, China, India and Brazil are gaining greater influence commensurate with their rising economic clout.
The multilateral impasse and the growing assertiveness of China, India and Brazil have prompted continuous forum shopping and shifting. The United States and the EU have engaged in extensive bilateral and plurilateral negotiations seeking to achieve deals that they could not achieve multilaterally. This exercise in vertical forum shifting not only weakens multilateral governance institutions, but also raises important concerns about legitimacy. These concerns are particularly sharp in both intellectual property and agriculture.
4 - Intellectual Property and the Creation of Global Rules
- from Section I - The Globalization of Law
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- By Susan K. Sell, George Washington University
- Edited by Heinz Klug, Sally Engle Merry, New York University
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- Book:
- The New Legal Realism
- Published online:
- 05 May 2016
- Print publication:
- 03 May 2016, pp 52-66
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Summary
Introduction
A traditional focus on states and black-letter law provides a misleading picture of intellectual property (IP) lawmaking. It obscures the dynamism that animates this policy space. International intellectual property lawmaking is a fluid and dynamic process in which a multitude of diverse actors struggle to inscribe their preferences into institutions and law. Actors, including states, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and firms, wield various forms of economic, discursive, and institutional power. They use institutions strategically in promoting and contesting policy. The international spread of intellectual property policies is a recursive process both in time and in space. It is recursive in time insofar as iterations at Time One alter the playing field, enrolling new actors and institutions and altering the dynamic at Time Two. As Peter Drahos states, in the politics of intellectual property, “negotiations are never really over” (Drahos 2007). It is recursive in space as a process “in which the transnational and local are held in tension, the actors engaged in transnational legal processes seek to influence local lawmaking and practice, and the national legal norms, adaptations, and resistances provide models for the feedback into transnational lawmaking” (Shaffer 2012, 238).
The concept of recursivity highlights the politics of regulatory transformations in three dimensions: within international and transnational processes, within domestic processes, and between them (Shaffer 2012, 239). They intersect and are connected by agents whom Sidney Tarrow refers to as “rooted cosmopolitans” (Tarrow 2010). Rooted cosmopolitans have their feet firmly planted in the domestic political realm but can engage freely transnationally and provide interfaces between the different realms. They can act as intermediaries advocating across and translating between domains. As Shaffer suggests, to be effective these intermediaries must be “cognizant of transnational lawmaking and national settings” (Shaffer 2012, 254). In the politics of intellectual property, these intermediaries include trade lawyers, government officials, rights holders, academics, nongovernmental organizations, and consumers (Morin 2014, 275–309). Contestation between various intermediaries provides dynamism in this process.
Implementing intellectual property laws requires regulatory infrastructure, expertise, and substantial investment in resources. Adopting (and enforcing) intellectual property laws is costly and may challenge domestic political bargains. It may alter the distribution of benefits and lead to disputes. Intellectual property policies are deeply political. At the end of the day, the domestic political context profoundly affects the implementation of intellectual property policies.
Remarks by Susan K. Sell
- Susan K. Sell
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting / Volume 108 / 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 317-320
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- 2014
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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References
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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1 - Who governs the globe?
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- By Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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Academics and policymakers speak frequently about global governance but do so in the passive voice. They treat governance as structure or process. Global governance is “the sum of organizations, policy instruments, financing mechanisms, rules, procedures, and norms” or “the collective effort to identify, understand, and address worldwide problems that are beyond the capacity of individual States” (Najam et al. 2006; Club of Rome n.d.). Global governance is something that happens; no one, apparently, actually does it. Analysts rarely talk about global governors and have not made the agents in this process central to their analysis.
To the extent that international relations (IR) scholars do think about who global “governors” might be, they think about states. States, after all, are widely recognized political authorities. Their job is to govern. And they do govern, or try to, in many areas of global activity. They sign interstate treaties, create international law, and promulgate wide-ranging rules to initiate, regulate, and “govern” activity in desired ways.
States are by no means alone in this endeavor, however. The global policy arena is filled with a wide variety of actors – international organizations, corporations, professional associations, advocacy groups, and the like – seeking to “govern” activity in issue areas they care about. These actors are not merely occupying global structures. They are active agents who want new structures and rules (or different rules) to solve problems, change outcomes, and transform international life. Governors are thus engaged in processes that are both quintessentially political and dynamic, even transformational.
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- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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Contents
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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- 03 June 2010, pp vii-viii
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Cambridge Studies in International Relations
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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Who Governs the Globe?
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, Martha Finnemore, Susan K. Sell
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Academics and policymakers frequently discuss global governance but they treat governance as a structure or process, rarely considering who actually does the governing. This volume focuses on the agents of global governance: 'global governors'. The global policy arena is filled with a wide variety of actors such as international organizations, corporations, professional associations, and advocacy groups, all seeking to 'govern' activity surrounding their issues of concern. Who Governs the Globe? lays out a theoretical framework for understanding and investigating governors in world politics. It then applies this framework to various governors and policy arenas, including arms control, human rights, economic development, and global education. Edited by three of the world's leading international relations scholars, this is an important contribution that will be useful for courses, as well as for researchers in international studies and international organizations.
13 - Conclusion: authority, legitimacy, and accountability in global politics
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- By Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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Summary
Asking questions about who actually does the governing we see in contemporary politics has led us through some rocky terrain, analytically. It required us to define what global governors are (“authorities who exercise power across borders for the purpose of affecting policy”). This, in turn, raised questions about the sources of these authorities and how they change over time. It has also forced us to rethink many of our initial assumptions. When we began this project, we expected to focus on different forms of governors – NGOs, IOs, corporations, even states. These standard categories produced far fewer regularities than we expected. Over the course of our research we became convinced that the key to understanding these governors lay not in their form but in their relationships. Governors' relationships with constituencies and with one another shape how and whether governors become authorities in the first place and how they affect governing outcomes.
Our hope is that these chapters are only the beginning of research on global governors. The framework we developed suggests a research agenda for global politics that has analytical implications for our understanding of multiple authorities in global politics. It has implications for our assessment of the normative value of different arrangements and it has implications for international relations theory. We outline these, in turn, below.
Frontmatter
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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- 05 June 2012
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- 03 June 2010, pp i-vi
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Index
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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- 05 June 2012
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- 03 June 2010, pp 416-434
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Preface
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- By Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Book:
- Who Governs the Globe?
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- 05 June 2012
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- 03 June 2010, pp xiii-xiv
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Summary
This project was born of shared frustration. All three of us were engaged in different research about global governance but we all were dissatisfied. Something fundamental was missing in the way academics talked about what we were seeing on the ground. Traditional theoretical apparatus could not accommodate the diversity and creativity of activity we encountered. Standard academic language could not even describe it. Academic talk about global governance was about regimes, constraints, bargaining, and principal–agent relationships. It erected sharp divides between economic and security issues. Most of it was about states or intergovernmental structures. The majority described stasis or equilibrium. Creativity and innovation were not integral to global governance talk. Neither were the complex webs of varied actors pushing change. Yet the global governance we saw in our own research across very different issue areas was remarkable for its dynamics, creativity, and variety of actors.
In 2004 we came together to found a new Institute for Global and International Studies (IGIS) at the George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs. At IGIS, suddenly we had adjacent offices and geography bred inspiration. In a series of conversations we began to articulate what we thought was missing in both our theory and language of global governance. We also discussed the work of other scholars who were wrestling with related issues. We contacted a number of these scholars and persuaded them to participate in an organic process of discussions and research presentations that would evolve into the current volume.
Part I - Authority dynamics and new governors
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Who Governs the Globe?
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- 05 June 2012
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- 03 June 2010, pp 33-34
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Part II - Authority dynamics and governance outcomes
- Edited by Deborah D. Avant, University of California, Irvine, Martha Finnemore, George Washington University, Washington DC, Susan K. Sell, George Washington University, Washington DC
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- Book:
- Who Governs the Globe?
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
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- 03 June 2010, pp 181-182
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